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Date: Tue, 29 Sep 2020 11:29:48 +0200
From: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@...nel.org>
To: Jonathan Cameron <Jonathan.Cameron@...wei.com>
Cc: Linux ARM <linux-arm-kernel@...ts.infradead.org>,
"Jason A . Donenfeld" <Jason@...c4.com>, Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@....com>,
Kernel Hardening <kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com>,
Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@....com>,
ACPI Devel Maling List <linux-acpi@...r.kernel.org>, Sudeep Holla <sudeep.holla@....com>,
Will Deacon <will@...nel.org>, Linuxarm <linuxarm@...wei.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v3 1/2] arm64/acpi: disallow AML memory opregions to
access kernel memory
On Mon, 28 Sep 2020 at 19:18, Jonathan Cameron
<Jonathan.Cameron@...wei.com> wrote:
>
> On Mon, 28 Sep 2020 18:49:35 +0200
> Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@...nel.org> wrote:
>
> > On Mon, 28 Sep 2020 at 18:02, Jonathan Cameron
> > <Jonathan.Cameron@...wei.com> wrote:
> > >
> > > On Fri, 26 Jun 2020 17:58:31 +0200
> > > Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@...nel.org> wrote:
> > >
> > > > AML uses SystemMemory opregions to allow AML handlers to access MMIO
> > > > registers of, e.g., GPIO controllers, or access reserved regions of
> > > > memory that are owned by the firmware.
> > > >
> > > > Currently, we also allow AML access to memory that is owned by the
> > > > kernel and mapped via the linear region, which does not seem to be
> > > > supported by a valid use case, and exposes the kernel's internal
> > > > state to AML methods that may be buggy and exploitable.
> > > >
> > > > On arm64, ACPI support requires booting in EFI mode, and so we can cross
> > > > reference the requested region against the EFI memory map, rather than
> > > > just do a minimal check on the first page. So let's only permit regions
> > > > to be remapped by the ACPI core if
> > > > - they don't appear in the EFI memory map at all (which is the case for
> > > > most MMIO), or
> > > > - they are covered by a single region in the EFI memory map, which is not
> > > > of a type that describes memory that is given to the kernel at boot.
> > > >
> > > > Reported-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@...c4.com>
> > > > Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@...nel.org>
> > >
> > > Hi Ard,
> > >
> > > Ran into a problem with this one. See below
> > >
> > > > ---
> > > > arch/arm64/include/asm/acpi.h | 15 +----
> > > > arch/arm64/kernel/acpi.c | 66 ++++++++++++++++++++
> > > > 2 files changed, 67 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
> > > >
> > > > diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/acpi.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/acpi.h
> > > > index a45366c3909b..bd68e1b7f29f 100644
> > > > --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/acpi.h
> > > > +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/acpi.h
> > > > @@ -47,20 +47,7 @@
> > > > pgprot_t __acpi_get_mem_attribute(phys_addr_t addr);
> > > >
> > > > /* ACPI table mapping after acpi_permanent_mmap is set */
> > > > -static inline void __iomem *acpi_os_ioremap(acpi_physical_address phys,
> > > > - acpi_size size)
> > > > -{
> > > > - /* For normal memory we already have a cacheable mapping. */
> > > > - if (memblock_is_map_memory(phys))
> > > > - return (void __iomem *)__phys_to_virt(phys);
> > > > -
> > > > - /*
> > > > - * We should still honor the memory's attribute here because
> > > > - * crash dump kernel possibly excludes some ACPI (reclaim)
> > > > - * regions from memblock list.
> > > > - */
> > > > - return __ioremap(phys, size, __acpi_get_mem_attribute(phys));
> > > > -}
> > > > +void __iomem *acpi_os_ioremap(acpi_physical_address phys, acpi_size size);
> > > > #define acpi_os_ioremap acpi_os_ioremap
> > > >
> > > > typedef u64 phys_cpuid_t;
> > > > diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/acpi.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/acpi.c
> > > > index a7586a4db142..01b861e225b0 100644
> > > > --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/acpi.c
> > > > +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/acpi.c
> > > > @@ -261,6 +261,72 @@ pgprot_t __acpi_get_mem_attribute(phys_addr_t addr)
> > > > return __pgprot(PROT_DEVICE_nGnRnE);
> > > > }
> > > >
> > > > +void __iomem *acpi_os_ioremap(acpi_physical_address phys, acpi_size size)
> > > > +{
> > > > + efi_memory_desc_t *md, *region = NULL;
> > > > + pgprot_t prot;
> > > > +
> > > > + if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!efi_enabled(EFI_MEMMAP)))
> > > > + return NULL;
> > > > +
> > > > + for_each_efi_memory_desc(md) {
> > > > + u64 end = md->phys_addr + (md->num_pages << EFI_PAGE_SHIFT);
> > > > +
> > > > + if (phys < md->phys_addr || phys >= end)
> > > > + continue;
> > > > +
> > > > + if (phys + size > end) {
> > > > + pr_warn(FW_BUG "requested region covers multiple EFI memory regions\n");
> > > > + return NULL;
> > > > + }
> > > > + region = md;
> > > > + break;
> > > > + }
> > > > +
> > > > + /*
> > > > + * It is fine for AML to remap regions that are not represented in the
> > > > + * EFI memory map at all, as it only describes normal memory, and MMIO
> > > > + * regions that require a virtual mapping to make them accessible to
> > > > + * the EFI runtime services.
> > > > + */
> > > > + prot = __pgprot(PROT_DEVICE_nGnRnE);
> > > > + if (region) {
> > > > + switch (region->type) {
> > > > + case EFI_LOADER_CODE:
> > > > + case EFI_LOADER_DATA:
> > >
> > > Unfortunately this seems to have broken overriding of ACPI tables from an initrd.
> > > My particular test environment is qemu + EDK2.
> > >
> > > It only has obvious visible affect on tables that are used late in the boot such as PPTT
> > > as they get dropped before they are used.
> > >
> > > These are read after ACPICA is initialized and acpi_reallocate_root_table()
> > > has been called. The back trace is:
> > >
> > > acpi_os_ioremap+0xfc/0x288
> > > acpi_os_map_iomem+0xc4/0x188
> > > acpi_os_map_memory+0x18/0x28
> > > acpi_tb_acquire_table+0x54/0x8c
> > > acpi_tb_validate_table+0x34/0x5c
> > > acpi_tb_validate_temp_table+0x34/0x40
> > > acpi_tb_verify_temp_table+0x48/0x250
> > > acpi_reallocate_root_table+0x12c/0x160
> > >
> > > Seems that the table is in a region of type EFI_LOADER_DATA.
> > >
> > > I don't really know enough about this area to be sure what the right fix is or
> > > even whether this is a kernel issue, or one that should be fixed elsewhere in
> > > the stack.
> > >
> > > For now I'm just carry a hack that treats EFI_LOADER_DATA in the same fashion as
> > > EFI_ACPI_RECLAIM_MEMORY below.
> > >
> > > What's the right way to fix this?
> > >
> >
> > Hi Jonathan,
> >
> > That is an excellent question.
> >
> > The purpose of this change is to ensure that firmware cannot
> > manipulate the internal state of the kernel. So as long as we can
> > ensure that this memory is not claimed by the kernel's memory
> > subsystem, we should be fine.
> >
> > Since this is an obvious debug feature, what we could do is reserve
> > this memory permanently in some way, and make the test take this into
> > account.
>
> Whilst it is a debug feature, I wonder if it gets shipped in production
> hardware. If not, could be we cynical and just drop the check if the
> relevant config option is enabled?
>
> Perhaps just don't release the EFI_LOADER_DATA for other use? (if
> this option is enabled only)
>
> >
> > Do you have a full stack trace? How early does this run?
>
> For the place where it first occurs, ie the trace above, the acpi_reallocate_root_table() is
> the call from acpi_early_init() from start_kernel().
>
> We hit the table a lot during later calls though and hence would run into the
> same problem.
>
Could you try the patch below? Since the memory holding the tables is
already memblock_reserve()d, we can just mark it NOMAP, and permit r/o
remapping of NOMAP regions.
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/acpi.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/acpi.c
index a85174d05473..84da869c5ac4 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/acpi.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/acpi.c
@@ -298,8 +298,11 @@ void __iomem
*acpi_os_ioremap(acpi_physical_address phys, acpi_size size)
case EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_DATA:
case EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY:
case EFI_PERSISTENT_MEMORY:
- pr_warn(FW_BUG "requested region covers kernel
memory @ %pa\n", &phys);
- return NULL;
+ if (memblock_is_map_memory(phys)) {
+ pr_warn(FW_BUG "requested region
covers kernel memory @ %pa\n", &phys);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ fallthrough;
case EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES_CODE:
/*
@@ -388,3 +391,8 @@ int apei_claim_sea(struct pt_regs *regs)
return err;
}
+
+void arch_reserve_mem_area(acpi_physical_address addr, size_t size)
+{
+ memblock_mark_nomap(addr, size);
+}
diff --git a/include/linux/acpi.h b/include/linux/acpi.h
index 1e4cdc6c7ae2..64ae25c59d55 100644
--- a/include/linux/acpi.h
+++ b/include/linux/acpi.h
@@ -958,7 +958,7 @@ void acpi_os_set_prepare_extended_sleep(int
(*func)(u8 sleep_state,
acpi_status acpi_os_prepare_extended_sleep(u8 sleep_state,
u32 val_a, u32 val_b);
-#ifdef CONFIG_X86
+#ifndef CONFIG_IA64
void arch_reserve_mem_area(acpi_physical_address addr, size_t size);
#else
static inline void arch_reserve_mem_area(acpi_physical_address addr,
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