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Date: Tue, 30 Aug 2016 18:15:05 -0400
From: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
To: Julia Lawall <julia.lawall@...6.fr>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@...ches.com>, Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@...el.com>,
LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
"kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com" <kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com>,
Glenn Wurster <gwurster@...ckberry.com>, Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>
Subject: Re: constification and cocci / kernel build test robot ?
On Tue, Aug 30, 2016 at 3:23 PM, Julia Lawall <julia.lawall@...6.fr> wrote:
>
>
> On Tue, 30 Aug 2016, Kees Cook wrote:
>
>> On Sun, Aug 28, 2016 at 9:13 AM, Julia Lawall <julia.lawall@...6.fr> wrote:
>> > [Adding Kees, in case it's of interest]
>> >
>> > Below is the list of types of top-level initialized structures and the
>> > number that are const. For quicker reading, here are some that are
>> > sometimes const (numerator), but not always (denominator):
>> >
>> > file_operations: 2221/2233
>> > attribute_group: 447/919
>> > irq_chip: 1/518
>> > net_device_ops: 488/498
>> > regmap_config: 407/447
>> > dev_pm_ops: 398/415
>> > clk_ops: 314/386
>> > resource: 6/385
>> > seq_operations: 327/328
>> > snd_pcm_ops: 9/288
>> >
>> > and here are the most used ones that are never const at all:
>> >
>> > platform_driver: 2943
>> > platform_device: 2226
>> > clk_branch: 1131
>> > i2c_driver: 786
>> > pci_driver: 781
>> > omap_hwmod_ocp_if: 670
>> > omap_hwmod: 582
>> > notifier_block: 556
>> > clk: 473
>> > clk_rcg2: 384
>> >
>> > [...]
>>
>> The structures that should get the greatest level of attention are
>> those that contain function pointers. The "constify" gcc plugin from
>> PaX/Grsecurity does this, but it uses a big hammer: it moves all of
>> them const even if they receive assignment. To handle this, there is
>> the concept of an open/close method to gain temporary access to the
>> structure. For example:
>>
>> drivers/cdrom/cdrom.c:
>>
>> int register_cdrom(...) {
>> ...
>> if (!cdo->generic_packet) {
>> pax_open_kernel();
>> const_cast(cdo->generic_packet) = cdrom_dummy_generic_packet;
>> pax_close_kernel();
>
> Thanks for the clarification. The above has to be added to the code
> manually, or the plugin does it?
Currently, the plugin just warns, and a successful build depends on
manually adding the open/close logic. For simple cases, the plugin
could be taught to do this automatically, but some situations are more
complex.
-Kees
>
> julia
>
>> }
>>
>> (The "const_cast" here is just a macro to convince gcc it's only to
>> write to a const value, so really it should maybe be called
>> "unconst_cast", but whatever...)
>>
>> This allows all of struct cdrom_device_ops to be const, even if they
>> need to be updated once during registration.
>>
>> (This is a stronger version of __ro_after_init, which is for things
>> that are only written during __init.)
>>
>> AUIU, the goals of the open/close_kernel idea are:
>> - always inline
>> - make sure the CPU cannot be interrupted
>> - BUG if memory is already writable
>> - make the memory writable only by the current CPU
>> - update the value
>> - restore memory permissions
>> - allow CPU interruption again
>>
>> This makes sure there aren't races with other CPUs to write things,
>> and that it's harder to use for an attack since with the "make
>> writable" code is always followed by a "make read-only" action (i.e.
>> not separate functions that could be used as a trivial ROP gadget).
>>
>> -Kees
>>
>> --
>> Kees Cook
>> Nexus Security
>>
--
Kees Cook
Nexus Security
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