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Date: Wed, 13 Jan 2016 19:48:52 +0100
From: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@...aro.org>
To: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>
Cc: "linux-arm-kernel@...ts.infradead.org" <linux-arm-kernel@...ts.infradead.org>,
kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com, Will Deacon <will.deacon@....com>,
Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@....com>, Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@...aro.org>,
Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>,
"linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>, Stuart Yoder <stuart.yoder@...escale.com>,
Sharma Bhupesh <bhupesh.sharma@...escale.com>, Arnd Bergmann <arnd@...db.de>,
Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@....com>, Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@...aro.org>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v3 11/21] arm64: avoid R_AARCH64_ABS64 relocations for
Image header fields
On 13 January 2016 at 19:12, Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com> wrote:
> On Mon, Jan 11, 2016 at 02:19:04PM +0100, Ard Biesheuvel wrote:
>> Unfortunately, the current way of using the linker to emit build time
>> constants into the Image header will no longer work once we switch to
>> the use of PIE executables. The reason is that such constants are emitted
>> into the binary using R_AARCH64_ABS64 relocations, which we will resolve
>> at runtime, not at build time, and the places targeted by those
>> relocations will contain zeroes before that.
>>
>> So move back to assembly time constants or R_AARCH64_ABS32 relocations
>> (which, interestingly enough, do get resolved at build time)
>
> To me it seems very odd that ABS64 and ABS32 are treated differently,
> and it makes me somewhat uncomfortable becuase it feels like a bug.
>
> Do we know whether the inconsistency between ABS64 and ABS32 was
> deliberate?
>
> I couldn't spot anything declaring a difference in the AArch64 ELF
> spec, and I'm not sure where else to look.
>
My assumption is that PIE only defers resolving R_AARCH64_ABS64
relocations since those are the only ones that be used to refer to
memory addresses
>> Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@...aro.org>
>> ---
>> arch/arm64/include/asm/assembler.h | 15 ++++++++
>> arch/arm64/kernel/head.S | 17 +++++++--
>> arch/arm64/kernel/image.h | 37 ++++++--------------
>> 3 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/assembler.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/assembler.h
>> index d8bfcc1ce923..e211af783a3d 100644
>> --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/assembler.h
>> +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/assembler.h
>> @@ -222,4 +222,19 @@ lr .req x30 // link register
>> .size __pi_##x, . - x; \
>> ENDPROC(x)
>>
>> + .macro le16, val
>> + .byte \val & 0xff
>> + .byte (\val >> 8) & 0xff
>> + .endm
>> +
>> + .macro le32, val
>> + le16 \val
>> + le16 (\val >> 16)
>> + .endm
>> +
>> + .macro le64, val
>> + le32 \val
>> + le32 (\val >> 32)
>> + .endm
>> +
>> #endif /* __ASM_ASSEMBLER_H */
>> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/head.S b/arch/arm64/kernel/head.S
>> index 350515276541..211f75e673f4 100644
>> --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/head.S
>> +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/head.S
>> @@ -51,6 +51,17 @@
>> #define KERNEL_START _text
>> #define KERNEL_END _end
>>
>> +#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_BIG_ENDIAN
>> +#define __HEAD_FLAG_BE 1
>> +#else
>> +#define __HEAD_FLAG_BE 0
>> +#endif
>> +
>> +#define __HEAD_FLAG_PAGE_SIZE ((PAGE_SHIFT - 10) / 2)
>> +
>> +#define __HEAD_FLAGS ((__HEAD_FLAG_BE << 0) | \
>> + (__HEAD_FLAG_PAGE_SIZE << 1))
>> +
>> /*
>> * Kernel startup entry point.
>> * ---------------------------
>> @@ -83,9 +94,9 @@ efi_head:
>> b stext // branch to kernel start, magic
>> .long 0 // reserved
>> #endif
>> - .quad _kernel_offset_le // Image load offset from start of RAM, little-endian
>> - .quad _kernel_size_le // Effective size of kernel image, little-endian
>> - .quad _kernel_flags_le // Informative flags, little-endian
>> + le64 TEXT_OFFSET // Image load offset from start of RAM, little-endian
>> + .long _kernel_size_le, 0 // Effective size of kernel image, little-endian
>> + le64 __HEAD_FLAGS // Informative flags, little-endian
>> .quad 0 // reserved
>> .quad 0 // reserved
>> .quad 0 // reserved
>> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/image.h b/arch/arm64/kernel/image.h
>> index bc2abb8b1599..bb6b0e69d0a4 100644
>> --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/image.h
>> +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/image.h
>> @@ -26,41 +26,26 @@
>> * There aren't any ELF relocations we can use to endian-swap values known only
>> * at link time (e.g. the subtraction of two symbol addresses), so we must get
>> * the linker to endian-swap certain values before emitting them.
>> + * Note that this will not work for 64-bit values: these are resolved using
>> + * R_AARCH64_ABS64 relocations, which are fixed up at runtime rather than at
>> + * build time when building the PIE executable (for KASLR).
>> */
>> #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_BIG_ENDIAN
>> -#define DATA_LE64(data) \
>> - ((((data) & 0x00000000000000ff) << 56) | \
>> - (((data) & 0x000000000000ff00) << 40) | \
>> - (((data) & 0x0000000000ff0000) << 24) | \
>> - (((data) & 0x00000000ff000000) << 8) | \
>> - (((data) & 0x000000ff00000000) >> 8) | \
>> - (((data) & 0x0000ff0000000000) >> 24) | \
>> - (((data) & 0x00ff000000000000) >> 40) | \
>> - (((data) & 0xff00000000000000) >> 56))
>> +#define DATA_LE32(data) \
>> + ((((data) & 0x000000ff) << 24) | \
>> + (((data) & 0x0000ff00) << 8) | \
>> + (((data) & 0x00ff0000) >> 8) | \
>> + (((data) & 0xff000000) >> 24))
>> #else
>> -#define DATA_LE64(data) ((data) & 0xffffffffffffffff)
>> +#define DATA_LE32(data) ((data) & 0xffffffff)
>> #endif
>>
>> -#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_BIG_ENDIAN
>> -#define __HEAD_FLAG_BE 1
>> -#else
>> -#define __HEAD_FLAG_BE 0
>> -#endif
>> -
>> -#define __HEAD_FLAG_PAGE_SIZE ((PAGE_SHIFT - 10) / 2)
>> -
>> -#define __HEAD_FLAGS ((__HEAD_FLAG_BE << 0) | \
>> - (__HEAD_FLAG_PAGE_SIZE << 1))
>> -
>> /*
>> * These will output as part of the Image header, which should be little-endian
>> - * regardless of the endianness of the kernel. While constant values could be
>> - * endian swapped in head.S, all are done here for consistency.
>> + * regardless of the endianness of the kernel.
>> */
>> #define HEAD_SYMBOLS \
>> - _kernel_size_le = DATA_LE64(_end - _text); \
>> - _kernel_offset_le = DATA_LE64(TEXT_OFFSET); \
>> - _kernel_flags_le = DATA_LE64(__HEAD_FLAGS);
>> + _kernel_size_le = DATA_LE32(_end - _text);
>>
>> #ifdef CONFIG_EFI
>>
>> --
>> 2.5.0
>>
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