2012: modern crypt(3) cracking speeds Since 1999 crypt(3) cracking speeds for all flavors discussed so far have increased by a factor of 50 to 200 per CPU chip (for the fastest code and CPUs) Configurable iteration counts do help to compensate for that, although system defaults tend to be rather low to support a wide range of hardware and usage scenarios (e.g., bcrypt is typically used at costs only 8 to 32 times larger than the "25 rounds" baseline used in 1999 benchmarks) Cracking speeds increase more rapidly than single password validation speeds AMD Radeon HD 7970 "Tahiti" GPU provides an additional boost of a factor of 5 for DES and 20 for MD5 (but none for bcrypt so far)