Late 1970s - Unix: password strength checking "The password entry program was modified so as to urge the user to use more obscure passwords." First known use of automated proactive password strength checking? "Salted Passwords": "when a password is first entered, the password program obtains a 12-bit random number [...] and appends this to the password typed in by the user." "When the user later logs in to the system, the 12-bit quantity is extracted from the password file and appended to the typed password." First known use of salts with password hashing?