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Message-ID: <0f9c3308-8d5a-84e2-27df-b661347ffffc@apache.org>
Date: Mon, 01 Dec 2025 02:26:07 +0000
From: Wang Weibing <wwbmmm@...che.org>
To: oss-security@...ts.openwall.com
Subject: CVE-2025-59789: Apache bRPC: Stack Exhaustion via Unbounded
Recursion in JSON Parser
Severity: critical
Affected versions:
- Apache bRPC before 1.15.0
Description:
Uncontrolled recursion in the json2pb component in Apache bRPC (version < 1.15.0) on all platforms allows remote attackers to make the server crash via sending deep recursive json data.
Root Cause:
The bRPC json2pb component uses rapidjson to parse json data from the network. The rapidjson parser uses a recursive parsing method by default. If the input json has a large depth of recursive structure, the parser function may run into stack overflow.
Affected Scenarios:
Use bRPC server with protobuf message to serve http+json requests from untrusted network. Or directly use JsonToProtoMessage to convert json from untrusted input.
How to Fix:
(Choose one of the following options)
1. Upgrade bRPC to version 1.15.0, which fixes this issue.
2. Apply this patch: https://github.com/apache/brpc/pull/3099
Note:
No matter which option
you choose, you should know that the fix introduces a recursion depth limit with default value 100. It affects these functions:
ProtoMessageToJson, ProtoMessageToProtoJson, JsonToProtoMessage, and ProtoJsonToProtoMessage.
If your requests contain json or protobuf messages that have a depth exceeding the limit, the request will be failed after applying the fix. You can modify the gflag json2pb_max_recursion_depth to change the limit.
Credit:
Tyler Zars (finder)
References:
https://brpc.apache.org
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-59789
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