diff --git a/arch/i386/reloc.h b/arch/i386/reloc.h
index eaf5aae..95c6022 100644
--- a/arch/i386/reloc.h
+++ b/arch/i386/reloc.h
@@ -3,31 +3,14 @@
 
 #define LDSO_ARCH "i386"
 
-static int remap_rel(int type)
-{
-	switch(type) {
-	case R_386_32:
-		return REL_SYMBOLIC;
-	case R_386_PC32:
-		return REL_OFFSET;
-	case R_386_GLOB_DAT:
-		return REL_GOT;
-	case R_386_JMP_SLOT:
-		return REL_PLT;
-	case R_386_RELATIVE:
-		return REL_RELATIVE;
-	case R_386_COPY:
-		return REL_COPY;
-	case R_386_TLS_DTPMOD32:
-		return REL_DTPMOD;
-	case R_386_TLS_DTPOFF32:
-		return REL_DTPOFF;
-	case R_386_TLS_TPOFF:
-		return REL_TPOFF;
-	case R_386_TLS_TPOFF32:
-		return REL_TPOFF_NEG;
-	case R_386_TLS_DESC:
-		return REL_TLSDESC;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
+#define REL_SYMBOLIC    R_386_32
+#define REL_OFFSET      R_386_PC32
+#define REL_GOT         R_386_GLOB_DAT
+#define REL_PLT         R_386_JMP_SLOT
+#define REL_RELATIVE    R_386_RELATIVE
+#define REL_COPY        R_386_COPY
+#define REL_DTPMOD      R_386_TLS_DTPMOD32
+#define REL_DTPOFF      R_386_TLS_DTPOFF32
+#define REL_TPOFF       R_386_TLS_TPOFF
+#define REL_TPOFF_NEG   R_386_TLS_TPOFF32
+#define REL_TLSDESC     R_386_TLS_DESC
diff --git a/arch/mips/reloc.h b/arch/mips/reloc.h
index 4b81d32..f77f9d1 100644
--- a/arch/mips/reloc.h
+++ b/arch/mips/reloc.h
@@ -18,37 +18,12 @@
 
 #define TPOFF_K (-0x7000)
 
-static int remap_rel(int type)
-{
-	switch(type) {
-	case R_MIPS_REL32:
-		return REL_SYM_OR_REL;
-	case R_MIPS_JUMP_SLOT:
-		return REL_PLT;
-	case R_MIPS_COPY:
-		return REL_COPY;
-	case R_MIPS_TLS_DTPMOD32:
-		return REL_DTPMOD;
-	case R_MIPS_TLS_DTPREL32:
-		return REL_DTPOFF;
-	case R_MIPS_TLS_TPREL32:
-		return REL_TPOFF;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-void __reloc_self(int c, size_t *a, size_t *dynv, size_t *got)
-{
-	char *base;
-	size_t t[20], n;
-	for (a+=c+1; *a; a++);
-	for (a++; *a; a+=2) if (*a<20) t[*a] = a[1];
-	base = (char *)t[AT_BASE];
-	if (!base) base = (char *)(t[AT_PHDR] & -t[AT_PAGESZ]);
-	for (a=dynv; *a; a+=2) if (*a-0x70000000UL<20) t[*a&31] = a[1];
-	n = t[DT_MIPS_LOCAL_GOTNO - 0x70000000];
-	for (a=got; n; a++, n--) *a += (size_t)base;
-}
+#define REL_SYM_OR_REL  R_MIPS_REL32
+#define REL_PLT         R_MIPS_JUMP_SLOT
+#define REL_COPY        R_MIPS_COPY
+#define REL_DTPMOD      R_MIPS_TLS_DTPMOD32
+#define REL_DTPOFF      R_MIPS_TLS_DTPREL32
+#define REL_TPOFF       R_MIPS_TLS_TPREL32
 
 static void do_relocs(struct dso *dso, size_t *rel, size_t rel_size, size_t stride);
 
@@ -68,7 +43,7 @@ static void do_arch_relocs(struct dso *this, struct dso *head)
 			got = dynv[i+1];
 	}
 	i = dyn[DT_MIPS_LOCAL_GOTNO-0x70000000];
-	if (this->shortname && !strcmp(this->shortname, "libc.so")) {
+	if (this->rel_early_relative) {
 		got += sizeof(size_t) * i;
 	} else {
 		for (; i; i--, got+=sizeof(size_t))
@@ -79,11 +54,11 @@ static void do_arch_relocs(struct dso *this, struct dso *head)
 	for (; i; i--, got+=sizeof(size_t), sym++) {
 		rel[0] = got;
 		rel[1] = sym-this->syms << 8 | R_MIPS_JUMP_SLOT;
-		*(size_t *)(base+got) = 0;
 		do_relocs(this, rel, sizeof rel, 2);
 	}
 }
 
+#define NEED_MIPS_GOT_RELOCS
 #define NEED_ARCH_RELOCS 1
 #define DYNAMIC_IS_RO 1
 #define ARCH_SYM_REJECT_UND(s) (!((s)->st_other & STO_MIPS_PLT))
diff --git a/src/ldso/dynlink.c b/src/ldso/dynlink.c
index f6ed801..7f19686 100644
--- a/src/ldso/dynlink.c
+++ b/src/ldso/dynlink.c
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ typedef Elf32_Sym Sym;
 typedef Elf64_Ehdr Ehdr;
 typedef Elf64_Phdr Phdr;
 typedef Elf64_Sym Sym;
-#define R_TYPE(x) ((x)&0xffffffff)
+#define R_TYPE(x) ((x)&0x7fffffff)
 #define R_SYM(x) ((x)>>32)
 #endif
 
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ struct dso {
 	volatile int new_dtv_idx, new_tls_idx;
 	struct td_index *td_index;
 	struct dso *fini_next;
+	int rel_early_relative, rel_update_got;
 	char *shortname;
 	char buf[];
 };
@@ -97,9 +98,10 @@ struct symdef {
 	struct dso *dso;
 };
 
+/* These enum constants provide unmatchable default values for
+ * any relocation type the arch does not use. */
 enum {
-	REL_ERR,
-	REL_SYMBOLIC,
+	REL_SYMBOLIC = -100,
 	REL_GOT,
 	REL_PLT,
 	REL_RELATIVE,
@@ -107,7 +109,6 @@ enum {
 	REL_OFFSET32,
 	REL_COPY,
 	REL_SYM_OR_REL,
-	REL_TLS, /* everything past here is TLS */
 	REL_DTPMOD,
 	REL_DTPOFF,
 	REL_TPOFF,
@@ -117,6 +118,10 @@ enum {
 
 #include "reloc.h"
 
+#define IS_RELATIVE(x) ( \
+	(R_TYPE(x) == REL_RELATIVE) || \
+	(R_TYPE(x) == REL_SYM_OR_REL && !R_SYM(x)) )
+
 int __init_tp(void *);
 void __init_libc(char **, char *);
 
@@ -129,7 +134,8 @@ static struct builtin_tls {
 } builtin_tls[1];
 #define MIN_TLS_ALIGN offsetof(struct builtin_tls, pt)
 
-static struct dso *head, *tail, *ldso, *fini_head;
+static struct dso ldso;
+static struct dso *head, *tail, *fini_head;
 static char *env_path, *sys_path;
 static unsigned long long gencnt;
 static int runtime;
@@ -148,9 +154,17 @@ struct debug *_dl_debug_addr = &debug;
 #define AUX_CNT 38
 #define DYN_CNT 34
 
+static int dl_strcmp(const char *l, const char *r)
+{
+	for (; *l==*r && *l; l++, r++);
+	return *(unsigned char *)l - *(unsigned char *)r;
+}
+#define strcmp(l,r) dl_strcmp(l,r)
+
 static void decode_vec(size_t *v, size_t *a, size_t cnt)
 {
-	memset(a, 0, cnt*sizeof(size_t));
+	size_t i;
+	for (i=0; i<cnt; i++) a[i] = 0;
 	for (; v[0]; v+=2) if (v[0]<cnt) {
 		a[0] |= 1ULL<<v[0];
 		a[v[0]] = v[1];
@@ -276,8 +290,6 @@ static struct symdef find_sym(struct dso *dso, const char *s, int need_def)
 	return def;
 }
 
-#define NO_INLINE_ADDEND (1<<REL_COPY | 1<<REL_GOT | 1<<REL_PLT)
-
 ptrdiff_t __tlsdesc_static(), __tlsdesc_dynamic();
 
 static void do_relocs(struct dso *dso, size_t *rel, size_t rel_size, size_t stride)
@@ -288,7 +300,7 @@ static void do_relocs(struct dso *dso, size_t *rel, size_t rel_size, size_t stri
 	Sym *sym;
 	const char *name;
 	void *ctx;
-	int astype, type;
+	int type;
 	int sym_index;
 	struct symdef def;
 	size_t *reloc_addr;
@@ -297,14 +309,8 @@ static void do_relocs(struct dso *dso, size_t *rel, size_t rel_size, size_t stri
 	size_t addend;
 
 	for (; rel_size; rel+=stride, rel_size-=stride*sizeof(size_t)) {
-		astype = R_TYPE(rel[1]);
-		if (!astype) continue;
-		type = remap_rel(astype);
-		if (!type) {
-			error("Error relocating %s: unsupported relocation type %d",
-				dso->name, astype);
-			continue;
-		}
+		if (dso->rel_early_relative && IS_RELATIVE(rel[1])) continue;
+		type = R_TYPE(rel[1]);
 		sym_index = R_SYM(rel[1]);
 		reloc_addr = (void *)(base + rel[0]);
 		if (sym_index) {
@@ -324,14 +330,19 @@ static void do_relocs(struct dso *dso, size_t *rel, size_t rel_size, size_t stri
 			def.dso = dso;
 		}
 
+		int gotplt = (type == REL_GOT || type == REL_PLT);
+		if (dso->rel_update_got && !gotplt) continue;
+
 		addend = stride>2 ? rel[2]
-			: (1<<type & NO_INLINE_ADDEND) ? 0
+			: gotplt ? 0
 			: *reloc_addr;
 
 		sym_val = def.sym ? (size_t)def.dso->base+def.sym->st_value : 0;
 		tls_val = def.sym ? def.sym->st_value : 0;
 
 		switch(type) {
+		case 0:
+			break;
 		case REL_OFFSET:
 			addend -= (size_t)reloc_addr;
 		case REL_SYMBOLIC:
@@ -395,6 +406,10 @@ static void do_relocs(struct dso *dso, size_t *rel, size_t rel_size, size_t stri
 #endif
 			}
 			break;
+		default:
+			error("Error relocating %s: unsupported relocation type %d",
+				dso->name, type);
+			continue;
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -711,22 +726,22 @@ static struct dso *load_library(const char *name, struct dso *needed_by)
 					if (!(reported & mask)) {
 						reported |= mask;
 						dprintf(1, "\t%s => %s (%p)\n",
-							name, ldso->name,
-							ldso->base);
+							name, ldso.name,
+							ldso.base);
 					}
 				}
 				is_self = 1;
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	if (!strcmp(name, ldso->name)) is_self = 1;
+	if (!strcmp(name, ldso.name)) is_self = 1;
 	if (is_self) {
-		if (!ldso->prev) {
-			tail->next = ldso;
-			ldso->prev = tail;
-			tail = ldso->next ? ldso->next : ldso;
+		if (!ldso.prev) {
+			tail->next = &ldso;
+			ldso.prev = tail;
+			tail = ldso.next ? ldso.next : &ldso;
 		}
-		return ldso;
+		return &ldso;
 	}
 	if (strchr(name, '/')) {
 		pathname = name;
@@ -752,13 +767,13 @@ static struct dso *load_library(const char *name, struct dso *needed_by)
 			if (!sys_path) {
 				char *prefix = 0;
 				size_t prefix_len;
-				if (ldso->name[0]=='/') {
+				if (ldso.name[0]=='/') {
 					char *s, *t, *z;
-					for (s=t=z=ldso->name; *s; s++)
+					for (s=t=z=ldso.name; *s; s++)
 						if (*s=='/') z=t, t=s;
-					prefix_len = z-ldso->name;
+					prefix_len = z-ldso.name;
 					if (prefix_len < PATH_MAX)
-						prefix = ldso->name;
+						prefix = ldso.name;
 				}
 				if (!prefix) {
 					prefix = "";
@@ -1121,31 +1136,136 @@ static void update_tls_size()
 	tls_align);
 }
 
-void *__dynlink(int argc, char **argv)
+void *__dlstart_c(size_t *sp, size_t *dynv)
 {
-	size_t aux[AUX_CNT] = {0};
+	size_t i, aux[AUX_CNT], dyn[DYN_CNT];
+
+	int argc = *sp;
+	char **argv = (void *)(sp+1);
+
+	for (i=argc+1; argv[i]; i++);
+	size_t *auxv = (void *)(argv+i+1);
+
+	for (i=0; i<AUX_CNT; i++) aux[i] = 0;
+	for (i=0; auxv[i]; i+=2) if (auxv[i]<AUX_CNT) {
+		aux[0] |= 1U<<auxv[i];
+		aux[auxv[i]] = auxv[i+1];
+	}
+
+	for (i=0; i<DYN_CNT; i++) dyn[i] = 0;
+	for (i=0; dynv[i]; i+=2) if (dynv[i]<DYN_CNT) {
+		dyn[dynv[i]] = dynv[i+1];
+	}
+
+	unsigned char *base = (void *)aux[AT_BASE];
+	if (!base) {
+		size_t phnum = aux[AT_PHNUM];
+		size_t phentsize = aux[AT_PHENT];
+		Phdr *ph = (void *)aux[AT_PHDR];
+		for (i=phnum; i--; ph = (void *)((char *)ph + phentsize)) {
+			if (ph->p_type == PT_DYNAMIC) {
+				base = (void *)((size_t)dynv - ph->p_vaddr);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+#ifdef NEED_MIPS_GOT_RELOCS
+	size_t local_cnt;
+	size_t *got = (void *)(base + dyn[DT_PLTGOT]);
+	for (i=0; dynv[i]; i+=2) if (dynv[i]==DT_MIPS_LOCAL_GOTNO)
+		local_cnt = dynv[i+1];
+	for (i=0; i<local_cnt; i++) got[i] += (size_t)base;
+#endif
+
+	/* The use of the reloc_info structure and nested loops is a trick
+	 * to work around the fact that we can't necessarily make function
+	 * calls yet. Each struct in the array serves like the arguments
+	 * to a function call. */
+	struct reloc_info {
+		void *rel;
+		size_t size;
+		size_t stride;
+	} reloc_info[] = {
+		{ base+dyn[DT_JMPREL], dyn[DT_PLTRELSZ], 2+(dyn[DT_PLTREL]==DT_RELA) },
+		{ base+dyn[DT_REL], dyn[DT_RELSZ], 2 },
+		{ base+dyn[DT_RELA], dyn[DT_RELASZ], 3 },
+		{ 0, 0, 0 }
+	};
+
+	for (i=0; reloc_info[i].rel; i++) {
+		size_t *rel = reloc_info[i].rel;
+		size_t rel_size = reloc_info[i].size;
+		size_t stride = reloc_info[i].stride;
+		for (; rel_size; rel+=stride, rel_size-=stride*sizeof(size_t)) {
+			if (!IS_RELATIVE(rel[1])) continue;
+			size_t *rel_addr = (void *)(base + rel[0]);
+			size_t addend = stride==3 ? rel[2] : *rel_addr;
+			*rel_addr = (size_t)base + addend;
+		}
+	}
+
+	const char *strings = (void *)(base + dyn[DT_STRTAB]);
+	const Sym *syms = (void *)(base + dyn[DT_SYMTAB]);
+
+	/* Call dynamic linker stage-2, __dls2 */
+	for (i=0; ;i++) {
+		const char *s = strings + syms[i].st_name;
+		if (s[0]=='_' && s[1]=='_' && s[2]=='d'
+		 && s[3]=='l' && s[4]=='s' && s[5]=='2' && !s[6])
+			break;
+	}
+	((void (*)(unsigned char *))(base + syms[i].st_value))(base);
+
+	/* Call dynamic linker stage-3, __dls3 */
+	for (i=0; ;i++) {
+		const char *s = strings + syms[i].st_name;
+		if (s[0]=='_' && s[1]=='_' && s[2]=='d'
+		 && s[3]=='l' && s[4]=='s' && s[5]=='3' && !s[6])
+			break;
+	}
+	return ((void *(*)(size_t *, size_t *, size_t *))
+		(base + syms[i].st_value))(sp, auxv, aux);
+}
+
+void __dls2(unsigned char *base)
+{
+	Ehdr *ehdr = (void *)base;
+	ldso.base = base;
+	ldso.name = ldso.shortname = "libc.so";
+	ldso.global = 1;
+	ldso.phnum = ehdr->e_phnum;
+	ldso.phdr = (void *)(base + ehdr->e_phoff);
+	ldso.phentsize = ehdr->e_phentsize;
+	ldso.rel_early_relative = 1;
+	kernel_mapped_dso(&ldso);
+	decode_dyn(&ldso);
+
+	head = &ldso;
+	reloc_all(&ldso);
+
+	ldso.relocated = 0;
+	ldso.rel_update_got = 1;
+}
+
+void *__dls3(size_t *sp, size_t *auxv, size_t *aux)
+{
+	static struct dso app, vdso;
 	size_t i;
-	Phdr *phdr;
-	Ehdr *ehdr;
-	static struct dso builtin_dsos[3];
-	struct dso *const app = builtin_dsos+0;
-	struct dso *const lib = builtin_dsos+1;
-	struct dso *const vdso = builtin_dsos+2;
 	char *env_preload=0;
 	size_t vdso_base;
-	size_t *auxv;
+	int argc = *sp;
+	char **argv = (void *)(sp+1);
+	char **argv_orig = argv;
 	char **envp = argv+argc+1;
 	void *initial_tls;
 
-	/* Find aux vector just past environ[] */
-	for (i=argc+1; argv[i]; i++)
-		if (!memcmp(argv[i], "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=", 16))
-			env_path = argv[i]+16;
-		else if (!memcmp(argv[i], "LD_PRELOAD=", 11))
-			env_preload = argv[i]+11;
-	auxv = (void *)(argv+i+1);
-
-	decode_vec(auxv, aux, AUX_CNT);
+	for (i=0; envp[i]; i++) {
+		if (!memcmp(envp[i], "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=", 16))
+			env_path = envp[i]+16;
+		else if (!memcmp(envp[i], "LD_PRELOAD=", 11))
+			env_preload = envp[i]+11;
+	}
 
 	/* Only trust user/env if kernel says we're not suid/sgid */
 	if ((aux[0]&0x7800)!=0x7800 || aux[AT_UID]!=aux[AT_EUID]
@@ -1157,54 +1277,36 @@ void *__dynlink(int argc, char **argv)
 	libc.page_size = aux[AT_PAGESZ];
 	libc.auxv = auxv;
 
-	/* If the dynamic linker was invoked as a program itself, AT_BASE
-	 * will not be set. In that case, we assume the base address is
-	 * the start of the page containing the PHDRs; I don't know any
-	 * better approach... */
-	if (!aux[AT_BASE]) {
-		aux[AT_BASE] = aux[AT_PHDR] & -PAGE_SIZE;
-		aux[AT_PHDR] = aux[AT_PHENT] = aux[AT_PHNUM] = 0;
-	}
-
-	/* The dynamic linker load address is passed by the kernel
-	 * in the AUX vector, so this is easy. */
-	lib->base = (void *)aux[AT_BASE];
-	lib->name = lib->shortname = "libc.so";
-	lib->global = 1;
-	ehdr = (void *)lib->base;
-	lib->phnum = ehdr->e_phnum;
-	lib->phdr = (void *)(aux[AT_BASE]+ehdr->e_phoff);
-	lib->phentsize = ehdr->e_phentsize;
-	kernel_mapped_dso(lib);
-	decode_dyn(lib);
-
-	if (aux[AT_PHDR]) {
+	/* If the main program was already loaded by the kernel,
+	 * AT_PHDR will point to some location other than the dynamic
+	 * linker's program headers. */
+	if (aux[AT_PHDR] != (size_t)ldso.phdr) {
 		size_t interp_off = 0;
 		size_t tls_image = 0;
 		/* Find load address of the main program, via AT_PHDR vs PT_PHDR. */
-		app->phdr = phdr = (void *)aux[AT_PHDR];
-		app->phnum = aux[AT_PHNUM];
-		app->phentsize = aux[AT_PHENT];
+		Phdr *phdr = app.phdr = (void *)aux[AT_PHDR];
+		app.phnum = aux[AT_PHNUM];
+		app.phentsize = aux[AT_PHENT];
 		for (i=aux[AT_PHNUM]; i; i--, phdr=(void *)((char *)phdr + aux[AT_PHENT])) {
 			if (phdr->p_type == PT_PHDR)
-				app->base = (void *)(aux[AT_PHDR] - phdr->p_vaddr);
+				app.base = (void *)(aux[AT_PHDR] - phdr->p_vaddr);
 			else if (phdr->p_type == PT_INTERP)
 				interp_off = (size_t)phdr->p_vaddr;
 			else if (phdr->p_type == PT_TLS) {
 				tls_image = phdr->p_vaddr;
-				app->tls_len = phdr->p_filesz;
-				app->tls_size = phdr->p_memsz;
-				app->tls_align = phdr->p_align;
+				app.tls_len = phdr->p_filesz;
+				app.tls_size = phdr->p_memsz;
+				app.tls_align = phdr->p_align;
 			}
 		}
-		if (app->tls_size) app->tls_image = (char *)app->base + tls_image;
-		if (interp_off) lib->name = (char *)app->base + interp_off;
+		if (app.tls_size) app.tls_image = (char *)app.base + tls_image;
+		if (interp_off) ldso.name = (char *)app.base + interp_off;
 		if ((aux[0] & (1UL<<AT_EXECFN))
 		    && strncmp((char *)aux[AT_EXECFN], "/proc/", 6))
-			app->name = (char *)aux[AT_EXECFN];
+			app.name = (char *)aux[AT_EXECFN];
 		else
-			app->name = argv[0];
-		kernel_mapped_dso(app);
+			app.name = argv[0];
+		kernel_mapped_dso(&app);
 	} else {
 		int fd;
 		char *ldname = argv[0];
@@ -1231,6 +1333,7 @@ void *__dynlink(int argc, char **argv)
 			}
 			argv[-1] = (void *)-1;
 		}
+		argv[-1] = (void *)(argc - (argv-argv_orig));
 		if (!argv[0]) {
 			dprintf(2, "musl libc\n"
 				"Version %s\n"
@@ -1246,96 +1349,88 @@ void *__dynlink(int argc, char **argv)
 			_exit(1);
 		}
 		runtime = 1;
-		ehdr = (void *)map_library(fd, app);
+		Ehdr *ehdr = (void *)map_library(fd, &app);
 		if (!ehdr) {
 			dprintf(2, "%s: %s: Not a valid dynamic program\n", ldname, argv[0]);
 			_exit(1);
 		}
 		runtime = 0;
 		close(fd);
-		lib->name = ldname;
-		app->name = argv[0];
-		aux[AT_ENTRY] = (size_t)app->base + ehdr->e_entry;
+		ldso.name = ldname;
+		app.name = argv[0];
+		aux[AT_ENTRY] = (size_t)app.base + ehdr->e_entry;
 		/* Find the name that would have been used for the dynamic
 		 * linker had ldd not taken its place. */
 		if (ldd_mode) {
-			for (i=0; i<app->phnum; i++) {
-				if (app->phdr[i].p_type == PT_INTERP)
-					lib->name = (void *)(app->base
-						+ app->phdr[i].p_vaddr);
+			for (i=0; i<app.phnum; i++) {
+				if (app.phdr[i].p_type == PT_INTERP)
+					ldso.name = (void *)(app.base
+						+ app.phdr[i].p_vaddr);
 			}
-			dprintf(1, "\t%s (%p)\n", lib->name, lib->base);
+			dprintf(1, "\t%s (%p)\n", ldso.name, ldso.base);
 		}
 	}
-	if (app->tls_size) {
-		app->tls_id = tls_cnt = 1;
+	if (app.tls_size) {
+		app.tls_id = tls_cnt = 1;
 #ifdef TLS_ABOVE_TP
-		app->tls_offset = 0;
-		tls_offset = app->tls_size
-			+ ( -((uintptr_t)app->tls_image + app->tls_size)
-			& (app->tls_align-1) );
+		app.tls_offset = 0;
+		tls_offset = app.tls_size
+			+ ( -((uintptr_t)app.tls_image + app.tls_size)
+			& (app.tls_align-1) );
 #else
-		tls_offset = app->tls_offset = app->tls_size
-			+ ( -((uintptr_t)app->tls_image + app->tls_size)
-			& (app->tls_align-1) );
+		tls_offset = app.tls_offset = app.tls_size
+			+ ( -((uintptr_t)app.tls_image + app.tls_size)
+			& (app.tls_align-1) );
 #endif
-		tls_align = MAXP2(tls_align, app->tls_align);
+		tls_align = MAXP2(tls_align, app.tls_align);
 	}
-	app->global = 1;
-	decode_dyn(app);
+	app.global = 1;
+	decode_dyn(&app);
 
 	/* Attach to vdso, if provided by the kernel */
 	if (search_vec(auxv, &vdso_base, AT_SYSINFO_EHDR)) {
-		ehdr = (void *)vdso_base;
-		vdso->phdr = phdr = (void *)(vdso_base + ehdr->e_phoff);
-		vdso->phnum = ehdr->e_phnum;
-		vdso->phentsize = ehdr->e_phentsize;
+		Ehdr *ehdr = (void *)vdso_base;
+		Phdr *phdr = vdso.phdr = (void *)(vdso_base + ehdr->e_phoff);
+		vdso.phnum = ehdr->e_phnum;
+		vdso.phentsize = ehdr->e_phentsize;
 		for (i=ehdr->e_phnum; i; i--, phdr=(void *)((char *)phdr + ehdr->e_phentsize)) {
 			if (phdr->p_type == PT_DYNAMIC)
-				vdso->dynv = (void *)(vdso_base + phdr->p_offset);
+				vdso.dynv = (void *)(vdso_base + phdr->p_offset);
 			if (phdr->p_type == PT_LOAD)
-				vdso->base = (void *)(vdso_base - phdr->p_vaddr + phdr->p_offset);
+				vdso.base = (void *)(vdso_base - phdr->p_vaddr + phdr->p_offset);
 		}
-		vdso->name = "";
-		vdso->shortname = "linux-gate.so.1";
-		vdso->global = 1;
-		decode_dyn(vdso);
-		vdso->prev = lib;
-		lib->next = vdso;
+		vdso.name = "";
+		vdso.shortname = "linux-gate.so.1";
+		vdso.global = 1;
+		vdso.relocated = 1;
+		decode_dyn(&vdso);
+		vdso.prev = &ldso;
+		ldso.next = &vdso;
 	}
 
-	/* Initial dso chain consists only of the app. We temporarily
-	 * append the dynamic linker/libc so we can relocate it, then
-	 * restore the initial chain in preparation for loading third
-	 * party libraries (preload/needed). */
-	head = tail = app;
-	ldso = lib;
-	app->next = lib;
-	reloc_all(lib);
-	app->next = 0;
-
-	/* PAST THIS POINT, ALL LIBC INTERFACES ARE FULLY USABLE. */
+	/* Initial dso chain consists only of the app. */
+	head = tail = &app;
 
 	/* Donate unused parts of app and library mapping to malloc */
-	reclaim_gaps(app);
-	reclaim_gaps(lib);
+	reclaim_gaps(&app);
+	reclaim_gaps(&ldso);
 
 	/* Load preload/needed libraries, add their symbols to the global
-	 * namespace, and perform all remaining relocations. The main
-	 * program must be relocated LAST since it may contain copy
-	 * relocations which depend on libraries' relocations. */
+	 * namespace, and perform all remaining relocations. */
 	if (env_preload) load_preload(env_preload);
-	load_deps(app);
-	make_global(app);
+	load_deps(&app);
+	make_global(&app);
 
 #ifndef DYNAMIC_IS_RO
-	for (i=0; app->dynv[i]; i+=2)
-		if (app->dynv[i]==DT_DEBUG)
-			app->dynv[i+1] = (size_t)&debug;
+	for (i=0; app.dynv[i]; i+=2)
+		if (app.dynv[i]==DT_DEBUG)
+			app.dynv[i+1] = (size_t)&debug;
 #endif
 
-	reloc_all(app->next);
-	reloc_all(app);
+	/* The main program must be relocated LAST since it may contin
+	 * copy relocations which depend on libraries' relocations. */
+	reloc_all(app.next);
+	reloc_all(&app);
 
 	update_tls_size();
 	if (libc.tls_size > sizeof builtin_tls) {
@@ -1359,14 +1454,13 @@ void *__dynlink(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	/* Switch to runtime mode: any further failures in the dynamic
 	 * linker are a reportable failure rather than a fatal startup
-	 * error. If the dynamic loader (dlopen) will not be used, free
-	 * all memory used by the dynamic linker. */
+	 * error. */
 	runtime = 1;
 
 	debug.ver = 1;
 	debug.bp = _dl_debug_state;
 	debug.head = head;
-	debug.base = lib->base;
+	debug.base = ldso.base;
 	debug.state = 0;
 	_dl_debug_state();
 
@@ -1375,6 +1469,7 @@ void *__dynlink(int argc, char **argv)
 	errno = 0;
 	do_init_fini(tail);
 
+	sp[-1] = (size_t)(argv-1);
 	return (void *)aux[AT_ENTRY];
 }
 
diff --git a/src/ldso/i386/start.s b/src/ldso/i386/start.s
index c37a1fa..63a20ee 100644
--- a/src/ldso/i386/start.s
+++ b/src/ldso/i386/start.s
@@ -1,22 +1,17 @@
 .text
+.hidden _DYNAMIC
+.hidden __dlstart_c
 .global _dlstart
 _dlstart:
 	xor %ebp,%ebp
-	pop %edi
-	mov %esp,%esi
+	mov %esp,%ebx
+	push %ebx
 	and $-16,%esp
-	push %ebp
-	push %ebp
-	push %esi
-	push %edi
-	call __dynlink
-	mov %esi,%esp
-1:	dec %edi
-	pop %esi
-	cmp $-1,%esi
-	jz 1b
-	inc %edi
-	push %esi
-	push %edi
-	xor %edx,%edx
+	push %ebx
+	push %ebx
+	call 1f
+1:	addl $_DYNAMIC-1b, (%esp)
+	push %ebx
+	call __dlstart_c
+	mov -4(%ebx),%esp
 	jmp *%eax
diff --git a/src/ldso/mips/start.s b/src/ldso/mips/start.s
index 0cadbf8..4de1d34 100644
--- a/src/ldso/mips/start.s
+++ b/src/ldso/mips/start.s
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 .hidden _DYNAMIC
-.hidden __reloc_self
+.hidden __dlstart_c
 .set noreorder
 .set nomacro
 .global _dlstart
@@ -11,36 +11,20 @@ _dlstart:
 	nop
 2:	.gpword 2b
 	.gpword _DYNAMIC
-	.gpword __reloc_self
+	.gpword __dlstart_c
 1:	lw $gp, 0($ra)
 	subu $gp, $ra, $gp
 
-	lw $4, 0($sp)
-	addiu $5, $sp, 4
-	lw $6, 4($ra)
-	addu $6, $6, $gp
-	addiu $7, $gp, -0x7ff0
-	subu $sp, $sp, 16
+	move $4, $sp
+	lw $5, 4($ra)
+	add $5, $5, $gp
 	lw $25, 8($ra)
 	add $25, $25, $gp
-	jalr $25
-	nop
 
-	lw $25, %call16(__dynlink)($gp)
-	lw $4, 16($sp)
-	addiu $5, $sp, 20
+	move $16, $sp
+	and $sp, $sp, -8
 	jalr $25
-	nop
+	 subu $sp, $sp, 32
 
-	add $sp, $sp, 16
-	li $6, -1
-	lw $4, ($sp)
-1:	lw $5, 4($sp)
-	bne $5, $6, 2f
-	nop
-	addu $sp, $sp, 4
-	addu $4, $4, -1
-	b 1b
-	nop
-2:	sw $4, ($sp)
 	jr $2
+	 lw $sp, -4($16)