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Date: Sat, 30 Jun 2018 13:11:30 -0700
From: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
To: Chris von Recklinghausen <crecklin@...hat.com>
Cc: Laura Abbott <labbott@...hat.com>, Paolo Abeni <pabeni@...hat.com>,
LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>, Linux-MM <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
Kernel Hardening <kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v3] add param that allows bootline control of hardened usercopy
On Wed, Jun 27, 2018 at 5:07 AM, Chris von Recklinghausen
<crecklin@...hat.com> wrote:
> Enabling HARDENED_USER_COPY causes measurable regressions in
nit: HARDENED_USERCOPY
> networking performance, up to 8% under UDP flood.
>
> I'm running an a small packet UDP flood using pktgen vs. a host b2b
> connected. On the receiver side the UDP packets are processed by a
> simple user space process that just reads and drops them:
>
> https://github.com/netoptimizer/network-testing/blob/master/src/udp_sink.c
>
> Not very useful from a functional PoV, but it helps to pin-point
> bottlenecks in the networking stack.
>
> When running a kernel with CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY=y, I see a 5-8%
> regression in the receive tput, compared to the same kernel without
> this option enabled.
>
> With CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY=y, perf shows ~6% of CPU time spent
> cumulatively in __check_object_size (~4%) and __virt_addr_valid (~2%).
>
> The call-chain is:
>
> __GI___libc_recvfrom
> entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe
> do_syscall_64
> __x64_sys_recvfrom
> __sys_recvfrom
> inet_recvmsg
> udp_recvmsg
> __check_object_size
>
> udp_recvmsg() actually calls copy_to_iter() (inlined) and the latters
> calls check_copy_size() (again, inlined).
Thanks for including these details!
>
> A generic distro may want to enable HARDENED_USER_COPY in their default
same nit :)
> kernel config, but at the same time, such distro may want to be able to
> avoid the performance penalties in with the default configuration and
> disable the stricter check on a per-boot basis.
>
> This change adds a boot parameter that conditionally disables
> HARDENED_USERCOPY at boot time.
>
> v2->v3:
> add benchmark details to commit comments
> Don't add new item to Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst
> rename boot param to "hardened_usercopy="
> update description in Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
> static_branch_likely -> static_branch_unlikely
> add __ro_after_init versions of DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE,
> DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_TRUE
> disable_huc_atboot -> enable_checks (strtobool "on" == true)
>
> v1->v2:
> remove CONFIG_HUC_DEFAULT_OFF
> default is now enabled, boot param disables
> move check to __check_object_size so as to not break optimization of
> __builtin_constant_p()
> include linux/atomic.h before linux/jump_label.h
>
> Signed-off-by: Chris von Recklinghausen <crecklin@...hat.com>
> ---
> .../admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt | 11 ++++++++
> include/linux/jump_label.h | 6 +++++
> include/linux/thread_info.h | 5 ++++
> mm/usercopy.c | 26 +++++++++++++++++++
> 4 files changed, 48 insertions(+)
>
> diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
> index efc7aa7a0670..560d4dc66f02 100644
> --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
> +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
> @@ -816,6 +816,17 @@
> disable= [IPV6]
> See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
>
> + hardened_usercopy=
> + [KNL] Under CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY, whether
> + hardening is enabled for this boot. Hardened
> + usercopy checking is used to protect the kernel
> + from reading or writing beyond known memory
> + allocation boundaries as a proactive defense
> + against bounds-checking flaws in the kernel's
> + copy_to_user()/copy_from_user() interface.
> + on Perform hardened usercopy checks (default).
> + off Disable hardened usercopy checks.
> +
> disable_radix [PPC]
> Disable RADIX MMU mode on POWER9
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/jump_label.h b/include/linux/jump_label.h
> index b46b541c67c4..1a0b6f17a5d6 100644
> --- a/include/linux/jump_label.h
> +++ b/include/linux/jump_label.h
> @@ -299,12 +299,18 @@ struct static_key_false {
> #define DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_TRUE(name) \
> struct static_key_true name = STATIC_KEY_TRUE_INIT
>
> +#define DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_TRUE_RO(name) \
> + struct static_key_true name __ro_after_init = STATIC_KEY_TRUE_INIT
> +
> #define DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_TRUE(name) \
> extern struct static_key_true name
>
> #define DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(name) \
> struct static_key_false name = STATIC_KEY_FALSE_INIT
>
> +#define DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE_RO(name) \
> + struct static_key_false name __ro_after_init = STATIC_KEY_FALSE_INIT
> +
> #define DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(name) \
> extern struct static_key_false name
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/thread_info.h b/include/linux/thread_info.h
> index 8d8821b3689a..ab24fe2d3f87 100644
> --- a/include/linux/thread_info.h
> +++ b/include/linux/thread_info.h
> @@ -109,6 +109,11 @@ static inline int arch_within_stack_frames(const void * const stack,
> #endif
>
> #ifdef CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY
> +#include <linux/atomic.h>
> +#include <linux/jump_label.h>
> +
> +DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(bypass_usercopy_checks);
> +
This isn't needed any more since bypass_usercopy_checks is internal to
__check_object_size() now.
> extern void __check_object_size(const void *ptr, unsigned long n,
> bool to_user);
>
> diff --git a/mm/usercopy.c b/mm/usercopy.c
> index e9e9325f7638..39f8b1409618 100644
> --- a/mm/usercopy.c
> +++ b/mm/usercopy.c
> @@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
> #include <linux/sched/task.h>
> #include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
> #include <linux/thread_info.h>
> +#include <linux/atomic.h>
> +#include <linux/jump_label.h>
> #include <asm/sections.h>
>
> /*
> @@ -248,6 +250,9 @@ static inline void check_heap_object(const void *ptr, unsigned long n,
> */
> void __check_object_size(const void *ptr, unsigned long n, bool to_user)
> {
> + if (static_branch_unlikely(&bypass_usercopy_checks))
> + return;
> +
> /* Skip all tests if size is zero. */
> if (!n)
> return;
> @@ -279,3 +284,24 @@ void __check_object_size(const void *ptr, unsigned long n, bool to_user)
> check_kernel_text_object((const unsigned long)ptr, n, to_user);
> }
> EXPORT_SYMBOL(__check_object_size);
> +
> +DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE_RO(bypass_usercopy_checks);
This can be static.
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(bypass_usercopy_checks);
No longer needs to be exported.
> +
> +static bool enable_checks __initdata = true;
> +
> +static int __init parse_hardened_usercopy(char *str)
> +{
> + return strtobool(str, &enable_checks);
> +}
> +
> +__setup("hardened_usercopy=", parse_hardened_usercopy);
> +
> +static int __init set_hardened_usercopy(void)
> +{
> + if (enable_checks == false)
> + static_branch_enable(&bypass_usercopy_checks);
> + return 1;
> +}
> +
> +late_initcall(set_hardened_usercopy);
Otherwise, yeah, this looks good if the copy_from_iter() path can't be improved.
-Kees
--
Kees Cook
Pixel Security
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