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Date: Tue, 15 Nov 2016 12:15:14 +0100
From: Juerg Haefliger <juerg.haefliger@....com>
To: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
Cc: LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>, Linux-MM <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
"kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com" <kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com>,
linux-x86_64@...r.kernel.org, vpk@...columbia.edu
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH v3 1/2] Add support for eXclusive Page Frame Ownership
(XPFO)
Sorry for the late reply, I just found your email in my cluttered inbox.
On 11/10/2016 08:11 PM, Kees Cook wrote:
> On Fri, Nov 4, 2016 at 7:45 AM, Juerg Haefliger <juerg.haefliger@....com> wrote:
>> This patch adds support for XPFO which protects against 'ret2dir' kernel
>> attacks. The basic idea is to enforce exclusive ownership of page frames
>> by either the kernel or userspace, unless explicitly requested by the
>> kernel. Whenever a page destined for userspace is allocated, it is
>> unmapped from physmap (the kernel's page table). When such a page is
>> reclaimed from userspace, it is mapped back to physmap.
>>
>> Additional fields in the page_ext struct are used for XPFO housekeeping.
>> Specifically two flags to distinguish user vs. kernel pages and to tag
>> unmapped pages and a reference counter to balance kmap/kunmap operations
>> and a lock to serialize access to the XPFO fields.
>
> Thanks for keeping on this! I'd really like to see it land and then
> get more architectures to support it.
Good to hear :-)
>> Known issues/limitations:
>> - Only supports x86-64 (for now)
>> - Only supports 4k pages (for now)
>> - There are most likely some legitimate uses cases where the kernel needs
>> to access userspace which need to be made XPFO-aware
>> - Performance penalty
>
> In the Kconfig you say "slight", but I'm curious what kinds of
> benchmarks you've done and if there's a more specific cost we can
> declare, just to give people more of an idea what the hit looks like?
> (What workloads would trigger a lot of XPFO unmapping, for example?)
That 'slight' wording is based on the performance numbers published in the referenced paper.
So far I've only run kernel compilation tests. For that workload, the big performance hit comes from
disabling >4k page sizes (around 10%). Adding XPFO on top causes 'only' another 0.5% performance
penalty. I'm currently looking into adding support for larger page sizes to see what the real impact
is and then generate some more relevant numbers.
...Juerg
> Thanks!
>
> -Kees
>
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