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Date: Mon, 30 May 2016 08:40:36 -0700
From: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
To: Hector Martin marcan <marcan@...can.st>
Cc: Emese Revfy <re.emese@...il.com>,
"kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com" <kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com>, LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
Brad Spengler <spender@...ecurity.net>, PaX Team <pageexec@...email.hu>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v1 1/3] Add the latent_entropy gcc plugin
On Sun, May 29, 2016 at 8:46 PM, Hector Martin "marcan"
<marcan@...can.st> wrote:
> On 2016-05-30 11:16, Kees Cook wrote:
>> On Sun, May 29, 2016 at 10:59 AM, Hector Martin <marcan@...can.st> wrote:
>>> On Mon, May 23, 2016 at 3:15 PM, Emese Revfy <re.emese@...il.com> wrote:
>>>> +/*
>>>> + * Copyright 2012-2016 by the PaX Team <pageexec@...email.hu>
>>>> + * Copyright 2016 by Emese Revfy <re.emese@...il.com>
>>>> + * Licensed under the GPL v2
>>>> + *
>>>> + * Note: the choice of the license means that the compilation process is
>>>> + * NOT 'eligible' as defined by gcc's library exception to the GPL v3,
>>>> + * but for the kernel it doesn't matter since it doesn't link against
>>>> + * any of the gcc libraries
>>>> + *
>>>> + * gcc plugin to help generate a little bit of entropy from program state,
>>>> + * used throughout the uptime of the kernel
>>>
>>> The "Note" seems misleading. Since this is a GCC plugin, and directly
>>> uses GCC's internal interfaces, doesn't that make it a derived work of
>>> GCC, and thus, require that it be licensed under GPLv3 instead of GPLv2
>>> (which is incompatible)?
>>>
>>> AFAIK this is how the GPLv3 works in this context, and the GCC exception
>>> doesn't change that because it only applies to libgcc and friends (and
>>> does not weaken the default effects of the GPL over the rest of GCC). My
>>> understanding is that the whole "eligible compilation" licensing hack
>>> was designed to hinder non-linking proprietary compilation passes that
>>> operate over data files containing an internal GCC representation, but
>>> plain old loaded plugins still need to be GPLv3 regardless of whether
>>> you link the end result to libgcc or not.
>>>
>>> (Also, don't some arches link against libgcc, further complicating this?
>>> Trying to use this compiler plugin with those arches would wind up with
>>> non-redistributable kernels, this time due to the exception.)
>>
>> IANAL. My interpretation is that plugins can be whatever license they
>> want to be, and if they declare that they're GPL-compatible (which
>> GPLv2 is), then the produced output can be under whatever license it
>> wants. Regardless, things are clearly following the intended purposes:
>> the plugin is free software, used to help gcc compile free software,
>> so no weird proprietary source, steps, or outputs, which is what the
>> gcc folks were trying to make sure continued to happen.
>
> The first problem isn't the output, it's the plugin itself. The FSF is
> clear on their interpretation that plugins need to be licensed under a
> compatible license under this kind of scenario:
>
> http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.en.html#GPLAndPlugins
>
> Since the FSF is the copyright owner for GCC, I'd say that makes a
> pretty clear case that the plugin needs to be GPLv3 (they don't specify
> v2 vs. v3 in that FAQ, but since the licenses are incompatible, GPLv2 is
> as good as proprietary in the eyes of GPLv3).
"If the program dynamically links plug-ins, and they make function
calls to each other and share data structures, we believe they form a
single program, which must be treated as an extension of both the main
program and the plug-ins. This means you must license the plug-in
under the GPL or a GPL-compatible free software license and distribute
it with source code in a GPL-compliant way."
I would point out "we believe" followed up with "GPL-compatible" (not
GPLv3-compatible, and the FAQ does distinguish between them in other
places). And in
http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html#WhatDoesCompatMean they
appear to be all-inclusive about GPL versions.
Dynamic linking license requirements are a legal unknown. See
"Derivative work: yes or no?" in https://lwn.net/Articles/548216/
In the cases of these unclear interpretations, I always fall back to
the spirit or intent of the licensing: GPL wants things to be
copyleft. Are these plugins copyleft? Yes, done.
> As for the output, unfortunately, GPLv2 is not "GPL-compatible". This is
> defined here:
>
> http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gcc-exception-3.1.en.html
>
>> "GPL-compatible Software" is software whose conditions of propagation,
>> modification and use would permit combination with GCC in accord with
>> the license of GCC.
>
> It's one of those unfortunate cases where a term defined in the legalese
> doesn't match the obvious interpretation, but in this context,
> "GPL-compatioble" means "GPLv3-compatible", and GPLv2 isn't - so the
> plugin combined with GCC does not for an "Eligible Compilation Process",
> and that means that if it is used to compile software that links with
> libgcc, that software has to be GPLv3-compatible - which the kernel
> isn't. AFAICT, that makes any kernels built for arches which link libgcc
> and which use this plugin non-redistributable.
If this interpretation is true, then you can take it up with the tile
arch maintainers once they add the plugin support. :) (This appears to
be the only arch that uses libgcc.)
> There is no issue with
> the source code form, as the kernel does not explicitly invoke libgcc
> interfaces, but the binary would contain a mix of GPLv2-only and
> GPLv3-only-exception-does-not-apply code.
>
> IANAL, but regardless of whether this is all free software anyway,
> license compliance is important. If all free software were to be treated
> equally, we wouldn't have choices like GPLv2 vs GPLv3 vs BSD vs MIT to
> begin with.
I don't think we'll convince each other of our respective opinions,
but as I said, when there are unknowns or confusions, the best thing
to do is to look at the intent. The licensing on gcc plugins appears
to me to be about preserving copyleft integrity of the entire stack,
which, while "only" GPLv2, is true for this situation.
-Kees
--
Kees Cook
Chrome OS & Brillo Security
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