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Date: Mon, 11 Apr 2016 11:03:01 -0700
From: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
To: James Morse <james.morse@....com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@...aro.org>, Matt Redfearn <matt.redfearn@...tec.com>,
Yves-Alexis Perez <corsac@...ian.org>, Emrah Demir <ed@...sec.com>, Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>,
"x86@...nel.org" <x86@...nel.org>, "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@...ysocki.net>, Len Brown <len.brown@...el.com>,
Pavel Machek <pavel@....cz>, Borislav Petkov <bp@...e.de>, Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>,
"linux-doc@...r.kernel.org" <linux-doc@...r.kernel.org>, linux-pm@...r.kernel.org,
LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
"kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com" <kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] Prefer kASLR over Hibernation
On Mon, Apr 11, 2016 at 1:00 AM, James Morse <james.morse@....com> wrote:
> Hi Kees,
>
> On 06/04/16 20:44, Kees Cook wrote:
>> When building with both CONFIG_HIBERNATION and CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE,
>> one or the other must be chosen at boot-time. Until now, hibernation
>> was selected when no choice was made on the command line.
>>
>> To make the security benefits of kASLR more widely available to end
>> users (since the use of hibernation is becoming more rare and kASLR,
>> already available on x86, will be available on arm64 and MIPS soon),
>> this changes the default to preferring kASLR over hibernation. Users
>> wanting hibernation can turn off kASLR by adding "nokaslr" to the kernel
>> command line.
>
> While hibernate isn't yet merged for arm64, it does work with kASLR in v4.6-rc*,
> it would be a shame to have to choose at boot time, (but that's my problem to
> fix if/when its merged).
Ah, interesting, so they work together on arm64? (i.e. you've actually
tested a boot loader that provides the seed for kASLR to operate?)
>> diff --git a/kernel/power/hibernate.c b/kernel/power/hibernate.c
>> index fca9254280ee..be5041354b1e 100644
>> --- a/kernel/power/hibernate.c
>> +++ b/kernel/power/hibernate.c
>> @@ -1159,6 +1164,13 @@ static int __init kaslr_nohibernate_setup(char *str)
>> return nohibernate_setup(str);
>> }
>>
>> +static int __init nokaslr_hibernate_setup(char *str)
>> +{
>> + noresume = 0;
>> + nohibernate = 0;
>> + return 1;
>> +}
>> +
>> static int __init page_poison_nohibernate_setup(char *str)
>> {
>> #ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_POISONING_ZERO
>> @@ -1183,4 +1195,5 @@ __setup("resumewait", resumewait_setup);
>> __setup("resumedelay=", resumedelay_setup);
>> __setup("nohibernate", nohibernate_setup);
>> __setup("kaslr", kaslr_nohibernate_setup);
>> +__setup("nokaslr", nokaslr_hibernate_setup);
>
> So one or the other option has to be specified at boot?
No, this patch was just flipping the default from hibernate to kASLR
if "kaslr" wasn't on the command line.
> The kASLR patches for arm64 in v4.6-rc1 enable kASLR at boot if you chose to
> select it at compile time. I guess this patch is preparation for doing the same
> on x86?
That was the goal, yes. A better approach would be to have hibernate
on x86 work with kASLR, but I likely won't have time to learn the
details on hibernation and debug it for a while.
> I didn't hit this kaslr_nohibernate_setup() call during testing because of the
> on by default behaviour. Is it worth exposing this via Kconfig? Something like:
> ARCH_RANDOMIZE_BASE_DEFAULT_ON ?
Maybe RANDOMIZE_BASE_DEFAULT (default to y) and if x86 && hibernation,
select =n. and use that for selecting it?
-Kees
--
Kees Cook
Chrome OS & Brillo Security
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